A black toenail can occur due to excessive pressure or impact to the bed of the toenail. As one walks, the toes hit against the top of the shoes due to the forward sliding of the foot. The feet may also swell during walking or running or because of pressure from the socks and shoes. Such pressure can affect the toenail bed and even lead to the development of a blister beneath the toenail. The fluid and blood that accumulates in the area can cause separation of the toenail from the toenail bed. The black discoloration appears due to the presence of excess blood and fluid beneath the toenail.
Pain and swelling may result if a blister forms beneath the toenail. These blisters may subside by themselves within a day. If however the pain and swelling persists for more than 24 hours, the fluid may have to be drained. In case the blister is near the edge of the toenail, the fluid can be drained by piercing the area with a sterilized needle. The areas must be pressed until all the fluid has drained out and then an antibiotic cream may be applied. If the blister is not near the edge of the toenail, the nail may have to be drilled through in order to drain the fluid. In case of excessive swelling and pain, it is advisable to consult a doctor in order to avoid any further complications such as infection. If left untreated, toe infections can cause gangrene and blood infections. The risk of complications is more severe if the individual has diabetes.
As the toenail grows, the black damaged part is pushed out. Gradually the black area will detach from the sides of the nail bed and you will be able to trim it off. In order to prevent a black toenail from occurring, it is important to ensure that your socks and shoes fit properly. Remember that your feet will swell when walking and hence the toes must have some space to expand. To treat toenail infections, apply some tea tree oil to the area with the help of a cotton ball. Tea tree oil has antiseptic properties which will help to cure the infection. Soaking the toes in rubbing alcohol for about 20 minutes daily will also help to alleviate infection. Margosa leaves are antibacterial in nature and a powder made out of dried margosa leaves is beneficial in easing toenail infection.